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Why
have over 1.5 million Americans invested in solar?
Surveys taken over the last ten years confirm that the vast majority
of owners (94% or more) consider that investment a wise decision.
Consumer investment and satisfaction have spawned a small but growing
solar hot water (SHW) industry here in the U. S. that is providing
even broader benefits to our nation and has the potential to contribute
much more.
Clean
and Safe Solar hot water
systems in use today produce approximately 1000 megawatts of energy
annually. That is the equivalent of two medium-sized coal plants.
The life-cycle costs of SHW systems are about the same as gas and
far better than electric water heating systems.
Solar energy is pollution-free, an important benefit when the cost
of removing pollutants from the environment is considered. For example,
a typical SWH system will, over its lifetime, displace 10.5tons
of CO2 if replacing a natural gas system, or 71.5 tons
if replacing an electric system.
Readily Available Resource The U. S.
Department of Energy estimates that Americans consume approximately
2.5 quads of end-use energy annually to produce hot water at a cost
of over $20 billion dollars. Solar energy currently provides only
a tiny fraction of that demand, but huge portions of our country
possess sufficient insolation to produce much greater quantities
of energy.
Enough sunlight reaches the earth's surface each yearto produce
approximately 1000 times the same amount of energy produced by burning
all fossil fuels mined and extracted during the same period. Sunlight
does not have to be explored, mined, extracted, transported, combusted,
transmitted - or imported.
Quality, Reliability, Durability
Solar water heating technology, pioneered in the U. S., is the
oldest and most developed of all renewable energy systems. Modern
solar water heating systems can provide a large portion (40 - 80%)
of household hot water demand depending on local climate conditions
and the size and type of system. Most systems pay for themselves
in four to sevenyears and continue to provide hot water for many
years thereafter.
Much of the United
States receives abundant sunshine, making solar hot water systems
a very economical investment.
This map shows the average daily solar radiation available
on a south-facing surface measured in megajoules per square meter
each day.
Solar pool heating often provides an even better investment. Payback
can be as low as two years and the solar system can extend the swimming
season by several weeks without additional cost. Many homeowners
have regretted the purchase of a conventional pool heating system
after receiving their first utility bill.
Another cost-efficient application for solar energy is preheating
ventilation air for commercial and industrial facilities.
The vast majority of U. S. manufacturers of solar equipment
voluntarily comply with national consensus standards developed
by the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC). The SRCC
tests and certifies collectors as well as complete systems for performance,
reliability and durability. In addition, manufacturers and installers
comply with the SRCC's strict requirements for proper installation,
labeling and homeowner information regarding operation and maintenance.
Assurances of performance and quality are backed by warranties that
in many cases exceed the guarantees of other household appliances.
Made in America In 1960, jobs within
the energy industry (including coal mining, oil and gas extraction,
petroleum refining, electric and gas utilities) represented about
1.8 percent of total U. S. employment. By 1990 that share fell to
1.2 percent. "This ratio likely will decline further over the next
decade," the U. S. Center for Global Climate Change reported in
1993.
Employment patterns resulting from conventional energy technologies
are dominated by the capital-intensive nature of the industry. When
measured in jobs per million dollars of annual expenditure, coal,
oil, gas and nuclear technologies support among the fewest jobs
of any economic activity." The solar water heating industry is a
good example of the type of manufacturing needed to create both
new skilled and unskilled jobs.
Realizing the Potential Several utilities
all across the country-from the Sun Belt to the Midwest and North east-
offer consumers a variety of programs to reduce the initial cost
of solar systems. In turn, the utility avoids the cost of installing
additional generating capacity, especially power to meet peak energy
demand, and using solar energy helps the utility comply with every-increasing
restrictions on pollution emissions.

In 1992,
the U. S. Department of Energy along with the Edison Electric Institute,
American Public Power Association, and their utility and industry
members established "Utility Solar Water" or USH2O. USH2O
will serve as a forum for interested parties to develop and expand
utility programs for residential and commercial solar water heating.
Many state and federal government officials have acknowledged
the importance of solar hot water systems in many of their programs.
These systems are examples of installations
resulting from a demand-side management program at Sacramento Municipal
Utility District.
The federal government builds, owns and operates more buildings
than any other sector of the economy. Managers of these buildings
are learning from the Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) how
solar and energy efficiency can be combined to reduce the energy
load of their facilities and save millions of taxpayers'
dollars.
The federal government also subsidizes the monthly utility bills
for millions of low- income families. The State of Florida and the
U. S. Department of Energy have established a pilot program to demonstrate
that SHW on low-income housing can also save millions of dollars
in federal subsidies.

The Housing and Urban Development agency has undertaken a project
to establish criteria and mechanisms that would allow mortgage lenders
to give homeowners an advantage for solar and energy efficiency
measures when purchasing a new or used home.
Solar water heating systems are already eligible for the energy
efficient mortgage programs which allow homeowners to have higher
debt-to-income ratios, thus allowing them to qualify more easily
for financing. In fact, when SHW is incorporated into a mortgage,
the monthly finance charges attributed to the new system fall below
the monthly energy costs and give homeowners money in their pocket
every month.
In 1993, the National Association of Home Builder's Research Center
included SHW, as well as other solar options, in the Resource Conservation
House, a single-family residence built to demonstrate to builders
the characteristics and advantages of the many new products on the
market that are conserving our nation's energy resources.
The United States is striving to reindustrialize with new technologies
that create jobs yet are environmentally benign. The U. S. solar
water heating industry is comprised of the manufacturers profiled
in this brochure plus many distributors, installers and maintenance
companies nationwide. The question many people ask is "How can the
U. S. save money, help our environment, and create jobs?
The answer has been up there
all the time - SOLAR ENERGY.
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